The first dental office visit should occur by age 1. until 4:30 p. While 25 countries have water fluoridation programs, 11 of these countries have less than 20% of their population consuming fluoridated water: Argentina (19%), Guatemala (13%), Panama. [email protected] can be applied with a swab or brush or placed in a tray held in the mouth for a few minutes. CNN and The Associated Press “admitted” to knowing about Hamas’ Oct. By Brian Bienkowski • A version of this article was originally published on Environmental Health News. The decline in dental caries among Belgian children between 1983 and 1998. As of 2007, 45. A customer service representative will be happy to assist you with any problems or questions you may have. After the treatment is applied, don't eat or drink for at least 30 minutes to allow your teeth to absorb the fluoride and help repair microscopic areas of decay. com to report the missed PDN missed visits. 5 mg/cup) in brewed tea made with distilled water []. Call for information or visit their web sites. 1946,. “Total releases” includes both water and air pollution. After reading this, many will agree that it the use of fluoride is incomprehensible and can easily be considered “crimes against humanity”. Serene UA-50 Amplifier. This is a concern in the self-esteem of. Fluoride can also become concentrated in bone—stimulating bone cell growth, altering the tissue’s structure, and weakening the skeleton. Acute toxicity is uncommon because the concentrations of fluoride in water, toothpaste, and mouthwash are too low to cause an overdose of fluoride. Percent of Community Water Supply That is Fluoridated: 22. — Residents of a small community in Vermont were blindsided last month by news that one official in their water department quietly lowered fluoride levels , giving rise to worries. By preventing cavities, community water fluoridation saves money for both families and the US health care system. BAKER MacClenny u BAY Bay County City of Callaway City of Springfield City of Lynn HavenVictoria (incomplete) Fluoridated cities and towns: Abbotsford, Aberfeldie, Adelaide Lead, Aireys Inlet, Airport West, Albanvale, Albert Park, Albion, Alfredton. The most recent data on fluoridation statistics, online August 26, 2020. Be Alert. Colorado brown stain is now known as dental fluorosis, a condition characterized by staining, mottling, cracking and pitting of teeth. Sign up to receive free e-mail alerts when a registered sexual offender or predator moves into your neighborhood. Tallahassee, FL 32399. Verb. Water fluoridation is a contentious issue with as many supporters as it has critics. 1 For these community water systems. Fluoridation. Charlotte County residents in Englewood, TTY users & other areas may dial 941-205-2161. process, treat - subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; "process cheese"; "process hair"; "treat. to 8 p. 008) while controlling for raw water. Clough, and Benjamin C. For this purpose, a state-of-the-art method to measure fluoride levels in water with an accuracy of 0. Obviously, there’s nothing more important to hard-core commies than good teeth. The American Academy of Pediatrics is an organization of 67,000 primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists and pediatric surgical specialists dedicated to the health, safety and well-being of infants, children, adolescents and young adults. 2 Per capita annual costs for community water fluoridation ranged from $0. 200 San Sebastian View. While fluoride can be harmful in large quantities, it’s difficult to reach toxic levels due to the low amount of fluoride in over-the-counter products like toothpastes and mouth rinses. Calcium difluoride is a calcium salt and an inorganic calcium salt. Phone: 301-884-4498 | Toll-Free: 866-498-0311. After hours, on weekends, or on holidays, please call our new toll-free number 800-530-1446. Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral best known for its role in strengthening our teeth and making them more resistant to decay. By Christina Sarich Updated on November 8, 2021. Hydrofluorosilicic (fluorosilicic) acid is the most commonly used fluoridating chemical. Health Concerns of Fluoride. ACH Payment by Phone*. It’s also added in small amounts to public water supplies. In some cases, especially with young children, the effects can become life-threatening. Coal-fired power plant. This additive is classified as a primary inorganic drinking water contaminant. 0 g/mol, we first. S. 5 mg/L (0. TTYs use keyboards for typing messages and screens for displaying messages. The debate resurfaced in 1990 when a study by the National Toxicology Program, part of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, showed an increased number of osteosarcomas (bone tumors) in male rats given water high in fluoride for 2 years (). 1. 1 of 9. However, a quick examination of the list reveals a number of errors. m. Salt fluoridation is sometimes suggested as a prospect for communities that have a low water fluoride concentration and have no possibility of implementing community water. Calcium fluoride. gov or 850-245-4333. It’s widely found in nature, in trace amounts. This appears to have been during the 1930s and was the first known example of fluoridated water supplies for a specific population. Our scientists test New York City’s drinking water hundreds of times each day, 365 days a year. Fluoridated water at recommended levels reduces dental cavities by 25%, emphasizing the importance of maintaining fluoride levels for effective caries prevention. Phone. This is a general guide that includes a comprehensive listing of medications that may be covered under your plan. a chemical substance sometimes added to water or toothpaste (= substance for cleaning teeth) in…. org. 9 mg/L. The enamel contains more protein, is porous, opaque and less transparent. Portland, Oregon. TRS Complaint Log Summaries 2015 2014 2012 2011 2010 Programs Rolka Loube Associates National Association of State Relay Administrators (NASRA) Telecommunications Equipment Distribution Program Association (TEDPA) Florida Telecommunications Relay, Inc. “Total releases” includes both water and air pollution. What is fluoride? Fluoride is the negative ion of the element fluorine. Switch to new thesaurus. Dental fluorosis, faint white lines or streaks on the teeth that occur when children consume too much fluoride, is prevalent in more than 50% of children. It is caused by systemic overexposure to fluoride during the first six years of life, when the enamel of the crowns of permanent teeth is formed. Not all fluoride is created equal. 09/2023 - Florida Minimum Wage - Revised with new minimum wage of $12. It is one in a series of Public Health Statements about. CDC monitors the progress of the nation and individual states toward meeting the Healthy People 2030 objective on community water fluoridation—that 77. There was no evidence of cancer-causing potential in female rats or in male or female mice. FOLLOW US. The practice of adding substances to make water safe to drink and its consequential effects on human health have been a contentious matter for a long time. BONANZA POWER PLANT. [3] [4] Some areas within Australia have natural fluoride levels in the groundwater, which was estimated in 1991 to provide. 12500 E 25500 S, VERNAL, Utah 84078 (UINTAH) 27,000. This Virtual Open House will be accessible through Monday, July 31. Infant Formula. , the United States) that. Fluorosis. Local and state governments who are responsible for operating the nation’s 911 system, pass laws that allow them to collect 911 fees through your telephone service or wireless service provider. Fluoride prevents tooth decay in three ways. Water fluoridation is the deliberate addition of a substance containing, or yielding, fluoride (that is, in the form of the free fluoride ion) to the public water supply with the ostensible aim of reducing tooth decay. . This is a general guide that includes a comprehensive listing of medications that may be covered under your plan. 07 to 1. The fluoride issue has moved from conspiracy theories of the 1940s and 50s – claiming it was a communist plot or a government mind-control trick – to today’s science-based debate. Discussion. UnitedHealthcare Customer Service advocates are available to assist you with password resets, enhancement requests and technical issues with the website. ET. The average cost per year for U. TTYs connect to a standard phone line. Census Bureau state population estimates for July 2018 external icon, and population estimates served by. 2. S. The Florida-Alabama TPO is staffed by the Emerald Coast Regional Council, a regional entity providing professional technical assistance, planning, coordinating, and advisory services to local governments, state and federal agencies, and the public to preserve and enhance the quality of life in northwest Florida. 7% of the US population on. Fluoride is added to public water supplies at an average concentration of about 1 part per million (1 ppm) or 1 milligram per liter, or slightly below. RICHMOND, Vt. Fluorosis. 4 percent increase over the year. This database is designed to enable you to access key fluoride-related information relevant to your state and community. Florida Blue HMOis a trade name of Health Options, Inc. Fluoridated water has fluoride at a level that is proven effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride. 25905 JEFFREY RD, SAINT MARYS, Kansas 66536 (POTTAWATOMIE) 41,026. The following data comes from EPA’s Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). Adding fluoride to public water supplies is a safe and effective way to prevent tooth decay and has played a major role in in improving the public’s dental health for more than 70 years. Advertisement. Call Member Services to make your payment over the phone: October 1 - March 31: Monday - Sunday, 8 a. In the 1930s, scientists learned that small amounts of fluoride naturally occurring in water could protect teeth from decay, and the idea of artificially adding fluoride to public water supplies to achieve the same effect arose. Fluoride toothpastes, fluoride treatments by dentists, and fluoride present in food and drinks may get most of the job done so that less than 1 ppm in water may be sufficient. What is fluoride? Fluorine is an element, the 9. This study has used an independent and ethical. • Is identical in strength, dosageform, and routeof administration. Fluoride helps your tooth enamel in two ways: when a person's teeth are still beginning to emerge, this ingredient develops the enamel so that it becomes as hard as it needs to be to resist cavities and decay. Transportation Improvement Plans. This enables a nationally consistent approach to community water fluoridation based on its well-established. Water fluoridation is a common but debated public policy. 2415 North Monroe Street Suite 400 Tallahassee, FL 32303-4190. Naturally occurring fluoride, such as calcium fluoride (CaF2), is released into the soil as weathered crustal rock and minerals dissolve. BlueScript Pharmacy Benefits - $10/$30/$50/$100. Because of its health and economic benefits, CWF has been and is included in the 1990, 2000, and 2010 national health objectives (e. Welcome to Emerald Coast Regional Council, FL. CommunityHealthPromotion@flhealth. It is absorbed into the crystalline structure of tooth enamel, thereby reducing the ability of acid to attack it. He even sells his. Public Involvement. 19. 1-800-676-3777 (Voice) 877-877-3291 (Fax) access@t-mobile. 004 ppm, NRC, 2006). To ensure our lines of communication are open, you can be updated promptly and often in the planning process through various platforms. HWY 66, RIVERTON, Kansas 66770 (CHEROKEE) The Calgary fluoride vote is part of a recent trend. 5 to 1. The recommended control range helps maintain optimal fluoridation. 5mg/l (milligrams per litre). The U. In this paper, we use Swedish registry data to study the causal effects of fluoride in drinking water. Dentists, doctors and public health specialists have all called on the Palaszczuk government to end the disparity. Learn more. It’s widely found in nature, in trace amounts. Private Wells. Fluoride reverses early decay and remineralizes your tooth enamel. m. You can find the phone number for your local office by using our Office Locator. 8 mg/L. On average, it costs only $0. Coal-fired power plant. Fluoride is a naturally occurring substance found in rocks that leaches into groundwater; it’s also found in. O. Three new studies link fluoride exposure to ADHD and thyroid problems — and point to drinking water as the major source of exposure. For general information about Telecommunications Relay Services (TRS), visit the TRS page. Bottled Water. The text is read on either (or both) a display screen or a paper printout. OUR MAILING ADDRESS: P. 3 to 6. Finally, fluoride remineralizes tooth. 16 Billion in Broadband Funding850-558-9645. Water is the major dietary source of fluoride. The following data comes from EPA’s Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). 98% of western Europe has rejected fluoridation. “Total releases” includes both water and air pollution. Tampa, FL 33684. Environmental Protection Agency set a date of January 29, 2024 for the second phase of the ongoing fluoride lawsuit. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd, MailStop E-90, Atlanta, GA 30333, U. 1931 Fluoride in drinking water is found to be the cause of brown teeth — now known as dental fluorosis. “Any American who needs. Coal-fired power plant. FLL also offers transportation, parking, and terminal services that address the special needs of travelers with disabilities. Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2100. Be Alert. 14, 2023 Updated: Oct. S. Public water systems considering installing treatment to reduce fluoride should contact the This compilation is based on data from the Centers for Disease Control My Water’s Fluoride website. Answer: A. It occurs naturally in air, soil, plants, rocks, fresh water, seawater, and. Map of Naturally Occurring Fluoride by County. 77 annually per person and has a population of approximately 2. com (Email) Spanish Florida Customer Service: 1-800-855-2886 (TTY/Voice) Speech to Speech Customer Service:. Local: 410-786-3000. Similarly Russia, Peru, Chile, Thailand and the UK have milk fluoridation programs which are targeted at the. New York City uses chlorine to meet the New York State Sanitary Code and federal Safe Drinking Water Act disinfection requirements. TTYs use keyboards for typing messages and screens for displaying messages. Answer: C. Percent of Population That Visited a Dentist or Dental Clinic in Past Year: 65. The Pensacola area unemployment rate was 3. Naturally occurring fluoride can. Community water fluoridation is the process of adjusting the amount of fluoride in drinking water to a level. This story highlights four tactics of science misinformation and disinformation efforts: fabrication of wide support to create the illusion of a scientific controversy, promoting conspiracy theories, and appeals made. g. Dialing 711, both voice and TTY-based TRS users can initiate a call from any telephone, anywhere in the United States, without having to remember and dial a ten-digit access number. 8 In everyday use, the word can also carry the implication that this incorrect knowledge has been conveyed deliberately with an aim to deceive orIn 2023, there are 627 Medicare Advantage plans available in Florida. Abstract and Figures. Herman. 0 mg/L. 133 North Bridge Street. The public comment period opens Thursday, June 8, 2023. 1-800-676-3777 (Voice) 877-877-3291 (Fax) [email protected] to 1. Persons who believe they have been discriminated against on these conditions may file a complaint with the Title VI Coordinator, 850-332-7976, ext. Dallas may End 5 Decades of Water Fluoridation: Saving $1 Million Annually in the Process. 5 – 0. Donate. ICYMI: Governor Ron DeSantis Awards More Than $28 Million to Expand Florida Semiconductor and Chip Manufacturing Industries. Frederick McKay in Colorado in 1901 2 and, independently in Naples. In England, the decision to fluoridate your water supply is made. by Alister R. TTY-based TRS involves the use of Text Telephones (TTYs). ”. 7 milligrams per liter (mg/l, or parts-per-million – ppm). Florida Relay is the communications link for people who are Deaf, Hard of Hearing, Deaf/Blind, or Speech Impaired. . Florida Blue HMO is a trade name of Health Options, Inc. The PHS endorsement was certainly a major public relations victory for fluoridationists. Approximately 55% of Floridians were enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan in 2023. 88, No. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. Fluorine is the world’s 13th most abundant element and constitutes 0. Brewed tea typically contains higher levels of fluoride than most foods, depending on the type of tea and its source, because tea plants take up fluoride from soil [1,3]. Phone: (850) 332-7976. Strangelove movie on Quotes. [1] Water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply solely to reduce tooth decay. to 8 p. The Okaloosa-Walton TPO is staffed by the Emerald Coast Regional Council, a regional entity providing professional technical assistance, planning, coordinating, and advisory services to local. 10 MILES N HWY 6, DELTA, Utah 84624. m. A spokeswoman with Multnomah County, which encompasses Portland. By Kyle Hill on May 22, 2013. Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of enamel which occurs during enamel forming. Watch on YouTube. For more information about our GIS services, please contact our GIS Coordinator: Jessica Walton, GISP. 2 However, a recent evidence- based review suggests that reducing fluoride intake fromPrevents tooth decay. net. water systems reporting fluoride levels from the perspectives of preventing caries and supporting established safety standards, the most common person-month fluoride level was the USPHS-recommended level of 0. Rocky Mountain Health Plans PRIMEFluoride, a mineral that occurs naturally in many foods and water, helps prevent tooth decay. If a decision is made to revise the standard, the Agency will need to go through all of the applicable rule-making steps. The recommended control range is 0. FloridaCommerce Announces 30-Day Public Comment Period for Florida’s BEAD Initial Proposal Volume II to Access More Than $1. For additional resources on the benefits of community water fluoridation visit the following sites:The Health (Fluoridation of Drinking Water) Amendment Act 2021, which came into effect in December 2021, allows the Director-General of Health to direct local authorities to add – or not to add – fluoride to a drinking-water supply. Drinking fluoridated water keeps teeth strong, reducing cavities by about 25% in children and adults. Phone: 1-800-721-0627 / TTY 711. This acid, also known as fluorosilicic acid, hexafluosilicic acid, and silicofluoric acid, is a liquid with the formula H. The debate resurfaced in 1990 when a study by the National Toxicology Program,. In England, the decision to fluoridate your water supply is made. Public input is valuable to the TD board, we encourage our communities to. 1 For these community water systems. Excluding the United States, just 7% of the population in OECD countries consumes artificially fluoridated water. By Paul Fassa. Introduction Florida Blue is pleased to present the Care Choices Medication Guide. For general information about Telecommunications Relay Services (TRS), visit the TRS page. 850-558-9645. The variability in water content explains much of the variability in total fluoride. 5% more Medicare Advantage plans available in Florida. For most cities, every $1 invested in community water fluoridation saves $38 in dental. 50 per person, per year. m. AFluoride Levels in Public Water Systems 2021 5 | P a g e Children should receive: • One systemic source • Multiple topical sources, starting at the age of 6 months for maximum effect Systemic Sources • Community Water FluoridationHowever, even where modern studies detect differences in DMFS between fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas, the differences are generally trivial. Page last reviewed: January 21, 2020. UA-50 is the only product of its kind that amplifies sounds for both handset and headset. Abuse Hotline. This is an important question, because that will greatly impact the ethics behind its use. Learn more. Calculate the molar mass of rubidium carbonate, Rb2CO3. • Mandatory Fluoridation – 2013 Update. This is a general guide that includes a comprehensive listing of medications that may be covered under yourFluoride is a potent neuro-toxin and endocrine disruptor that can damage your brain, bones, thyroid gland, pineal gland, fertility, and is linked to nerve diseases like Parkinson’s. 11 to $24. 00 per person for small communities. 5 mg/cup) in brewed tea made with distilled water []. m. eComment: Submit comments online - Here. This is a general guide that includes a comprehensive listing of medications that may be covered under your plan. THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO Water Fluoridation Frequently Asked Questions Q. The latest evidence-based guidelines on topical fluoride products, toothpastes and more. Dental fluorosis is a common disorder that is regarded as purely an aesthetic issue. It was therefore Mellon’s PHS that ordered Dean to study fluoride in the first place. A person who is deaf, hard-of-hearing, deaf-blind, or speech-disabled uses a TTY to type his/her conversation to a relay operator, who then reads the typed conversation to a hearing person. Sources of Fluoride Food. 1. First, we reconfirm the long-established positive. Pure calcium fluoride is used as a catalyst in dehydration and dehydrogenation and is used to fluoridate drinking water. Fluoride, at a concentration of approximately 0. RICHMOND, Vt. The safety and effectiveness of fluoride at levels used in community water fluoridation have been thoroughly reviewed by multinational scientific and public health organizations (U. org. Infowars claims it in graphics too, "Sodium Fluoride, used by Nazis, lowers your IQ. Because the United States does not take similar actions, and fluoride has been linked to cancer risks and a risk of lower IQ in. — Today, Governor Ron DeSantis awarded more than $28 million through the Florida Job Growth Grant Fund to expand semiconductor manufacturing and chip manufacturing through five. 078 μg/L (95% CI 0. This fluoride is stronger than the initial minerals lost because of acid and bacterial buildup. The researchers found “equivocal” (uncertain) evidence of cancer-causing potential of fluoridated drinking water in male rats, based on a higher than expected number of cases of osteosarcoma (a type of bone cancer). Public Health Service Recommendation. RIVERTON GENERATING STATION. It is the most cost-effective way to deliver fluoride to people of all ages, education levels, and income levels in a community. You know when fluoridation began?. m. 7 mg F-/L, considering that the molecular weight of NaF is ≈54. Stay Alert. Introduction Florida Blue is pleased to present the ValueScript Rx Medication Guide. 2019 A study by Health Canada found very little fluorosis among Canadian Children – 4% of children hadDiamine silver fluoride [AgF: (NH3)2AgF] is a unique fluoride solution used clinically in Japan for primary teeth. , an affiliate ofCall 1-888-262-6298 Monday through Friday from 9 a. m. One in four adults in the United States has a disability. Chicago, IL 60675-5510. By 2012, the percentage of Californians receiving fluoridated water has risen to 63. INTERMOUNTAIN POWER GENERATING STATION. Call 1-877-487-2778. org. State telephone programs, known as Telecommunications Equipment Distribution Programs (TEDPs), provide free or low-cost telephone equipment to qualified individuals to accommodate their hearing loss and improve phone access. flinty definition: 1. Sign up to receive free e-mail alerts when a registered sexual offender or predator moves into your neighborhood. Fax: 850-547-2504. 1 111064 0822 . The Australian Dental Association of Queensland (ADAQ) described fluoridation as. — Residents of a small community in Vermont were blindsided last month by news that one official in their water department quietly lowered fluoride levels nearly four years ago. Return to FAN’s State info From the CDC‘s 2020 Fluoridation Status Reports All Water Systems in 2020 199 Public Water Systems with fluoride. This is a general guide that includes a comprehensive listing of medications that may be covered under your plan. , an affiliate of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida, Inc. Original data were provided by the State of Florida in 2017. Infowars claims it in graphics too, "Sodium Fluoride, used by Nazis, lowers your IQ. Since then, oxygen consuming lifeforms were able to establish themselves. For children: "Abuse" means any willful act or threatened act that results in any physical, mental, or sexual injury or harm that causes or is likely to cause the child's physical, mental, or emotional health to be significantly impaired. Mailing Address. m. (11%) fluoridate their water supplies according to the Fluoride Action Network. See full list on hsph. It is Important to know the level of fluoride in your drinking water. public water supply and answer the question of whether water fluoridation poses a risk and what we should do about it. set lower limits on the size of the communities which must comply. In this examination of the performance of U. For more information, don't hesitate to contact: Angela Bradley. In October 2023, the trade, transportation and utilities sector gained the most jobs among all major industries, adding. communities’ decisions to end water fluoridation, a recent study has found that fluoride within our water supply may be. K. This formulary was updated on 08/22/2023. , Calculate the molar mass of rubidium carbonate,. During the hours of Monday-Friday 8:00AM-5:00PM, please call your Care Manager or 800-530-1446. m. Unlike the fluoride compounds found in toothpaste or supplements, fluoridation chemicals are not pharmaceutical grade quality. USPS Mail: Mail comments to ECRC/Public Involvement, PO Box 11399, Pensacola, FL 32524. April 1 - September 30: Monday - Friday, 8 a. Fluoridated cities and towns: Bedford (part), Belmont (part), Concord, Conway (eastern), Derry. 3. cardiovascular problems, including arteriosclerosis and arterial calcification, high blood pressure, myocardial damage, cardiac insufficiency, and heart failure. Initially, fluoride was considered beneficial when given systemically during tooth development, but later research has shown the importance and. We are open Monday through Friday, 8 am to 5 pm, local time. Through this final recommendation, the U. FDA has responsibility for ensuring that the. The text is read on either (or both) a display screen or a paper printout. BlueCare Pharmacy Benefits - $10/$30/$50 For BlueCare Plans – Open Formulary (Mail Order Available) The BlueCare ® health benefit plan your employer is offering you isFluoridating Water Supplies Keeps Us Dumb, Docile, and Sick – Let’s End It. Optimal Level and Recommended Control Range. 1 parts per million (ppm) was developed. 5 mg/L the maximum desirable limit of fluoride in drinking water. Contact Info. Jones is one of the most prominent fluoride truthers; he has claimed on multiple occasions that the U. Learn more. The following list is from the Your Water Matter website [Vancouver], 2015 Fluoridated cities and towns: Cranbrook, Fort St. In 2008, Massachusetts ranked #38 out of 48 states for Hydrogen Fluoride releases (187,516 pounds) into the environment. 45 billion years ago, oxygen (O $_2$) started being built up in the atmosphere (which actually killed off a lot of the lifeforms/bacteria at that point). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Calcium fluoride, CaF2, is a source of fluorine and is used to fluoridate drinking water. Through the Florida Relay, people who use specialized telephone equipment can. Answer: C. Water fluoridation prevents tooth decay by providing frequent and consistent contact with low levels of fluoride. The main arguments for and against fluoridation have changed very little over the years, w. “Total releases” includes both water and air pollution. 7 attack in advance but didn’t tell anyone. On average, drinking water treatment was found to reduce arsenic levels in water in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated systems by 0. Community Water Fluoridation: Questions and Answers. Grand Rapids, Mich. The average cost per year for U. ”. In the United States, the optimum concentration for fluoride in the water has been established in the range of 0. In Europe, only Ireland (73%), Poland (1%), Serbia (3%), Spain (11%), and the U.